FORMATION OF VACUUM-ARC PLASMA STREAMS BY SOURCES WITH THE WIDE APERTURE MAGNETIC FILTER

I.I. Aksenov, D.S. Aksyonov, V.V. Vasilyev, A.A. Luchaninov, А.О. Omarov, V.E. Strel’nitskij

Full Text :   (5720 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
Behavior of erosive plasma of a cathodic vacuum arc in the magnetic filter with curvilinear wide aperture plasma duct is considered. It is experimentally established, that the increase in cross-sectional dimension of the plasma duct (up to 200 - 300 mm) at small ratio of the radius of curvature to the inner radius of the plasma guiding channel (aspect ratio) promotes substantial growth of the system throughput. The main losses of plasma at its transportation along the plasma guiding channel of the filter fall to its curvilinear section. Losses here are caused by diffusion of plasma across magnetic field and also its centrifugal and gradient drift. It is established, that the drifts losses can be noticeably lowered by local correction of the magnetic field by angular displacement of the coil in the curvilinear part of the plasma duct. It is revealed, that appreciable decrease of losses can be reached supplying negative potential to the certain sections of the plasma duct walls at positive bias potential of the plasma duct as a whole. Prototypes of the plasma sources, at which development the results of the given researches were used, are presented.

KEY WORDS: erosive plasma, magnetic filter, drift losses, ion current, bias potential, throughput.

PROGRESS IN UKRAINE IN THE NEW SCIENTIFIC FIELD ON THE BORDER OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES

А.A. Valter, I.I.Zalyubovsky, V.E. Storizhko, N.P.Dikiy, A.N. Dovbnya

Full Text :   (1320 kB, Ukr.) 

Abstract
The рrogress in new scientific field were consist of achievements: combining microanalytical, mineralogical, crystallochemical and geochemical approaches, this paper analyzes a possibility of natural occurrence of enriched or even pure and super pure rare isotopes that can be extracted from ores. Methods of and results from the investigations of these isotope anomalies are presented; ancient uranium ores from the Ukrainian Shield were found to have appreciable deviations from radioactive equilibrium. An oversight of this fact may negatively affect the uranium content data measured by radiometric methods. The extent of the deviation from radioactive equilibrium correlates with the mineral composition of the ores. A possible explanation is that the minerals grain permeability to fluids facilitating the removal of intermediate decay products, depends on the particular atomic structure and defects in real crystals; some examples of the mineralogical approach to determination of the most promising geological sours of the nuclear energy raw materials from Ukraine were done.

KEY WORDS: Radioactive disintegration, pure isotopes, radioactive nonequilirium, uranium ores, nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear power.

ASYMPTOTIC THE TOTAL CROSS SECTION OF DEUTERON PHOTODISINTEGRATION IN APPROACH WITH THE EXACTLY CONSERVED NUCLEAR CURRENT

Yu.A. Kasatkin, I.K. Kirichenko

Full Text :   (550 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
For the process of EM of breaking up of the unlocal field due to the concordance of actions of the concerning laws of 4-momentum in configuration space-time with the law of saving of charge in the added space, caused by the necessity of correct description of redistribution of mass and charge in area of dominant structure-formative forces of strong intensity and limited cruising radius on the basis of the use of the strong-coherent gauge-invariant Green's functions the generalized gauge-closed amplitude is got. On the example of photodisintegration of scalar deuteron the consequences of the saved structural nuclear current on the asymptotic behave of total cross section of photodisintegration at energies of photonic beam of considerably excelling target mass are studied. Limitation on asymptotic growth of deuteron vertex function from complete energy on the basis of experimental output of total cross section on a stable value is got. Association of found asymptotic with the threshold conduct allows high-quality to describe the section in all power range.

KEY WORDS: vertex function, Green's function, gauge invariance, form factor, asymptotic of sections.

THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF DOPING ELEMENTS ON THE CORROSION OF ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS

V.G. Kirichenko, A.I. Kirdin, A.V. Ostapov

Full Text :   (1500 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
Investigations results of contained iron zirconium alloys surface structure and phase composition after thermal and mechanical treatment and corrosion in the high parameters water are presented. It is shown the thermal and mechanical treatment with final isochronous ageing in temperature range from 570 К to 1070 К leads to concentration growth of intermetallic phases in surface layers up to 0.3 μm depth. Concentration growth depends upon alloy composition. For example, Nb concentration increase from 0,5% to 2,5% in Zr+0.31%Fe+0.5%Nb alloy leads to twice decrease of intermetallic phases concentration in surface layer. Zirconium alloys corrosion in high parameters water leads to formation of heterogeneous phase oxide films which contained iron in oxide amorphous phases and in intermetallic phases. Effect of admixture electron structure appears as some dependences correlation such as admixtures atomic size, interstitial admixtures density of Fermi energy levels, ⁵⁷Fe nuclei s-electron density with Miedema's electronegativity.

KEY WORDS: zirconium, alloying, surface, segregation, electron structure, corrosion.

THE SIMULATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINITE-AMPLITUDE WAVE MODULATION INSTABILITY IN THE NONLINEAR MEDIUM

E.V. Belkin, V.M. Kuklin

Full Text :   (250 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
The process of the development of the modulation instability in wave medium near the instability threshold is studied using the numerical methods. The dependence of the excited spectrum energy and its spectral width on the level of energy absorption in a medium is found out. The pattern of the wave packet forming and the process of the instability spectrum narrowing are discussed.

KEY WORDS: finite-amplitude wave, high level of the energy absorption, modulation instability, small exceeding of excitation threshold.

HALL A (TJNAF) MOLLER POLARIMETER UPGRADE FOR PREX

A.P. Lypovskiy, A.V. Glamazdin, V.G. Gorbenko, R.I. Pomatsalyuk

Full Text :   (740 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
Some aspects of the Hall A moller polarimeter reconstruction of the Moller Polarimeter at Jefferson Laboratory were observed. The physic basis of a measuring method of the neutron form factor of ²⁰⁸Pb nucleous from electro-weak asymmetry investigation at the elastic scattering of polarized electrons is presented. The experimental possibillities of the presize measurements of a electron beam polarization value by using Hall A equipment and some details of the equipment upgrade and experimental procedure improvement are shown. The calculation results of the magnet optic system parameters at the critical low primary electron beam energy 850 MeV, of the thermodynamic processes of the intense electron beam at 50 microamper interraction with the target material, of the influence of a strong magnetic field at 40000 Oersted presence on Moller electron trajectories are presented. The original construction of a target device with the "brute force" ferromagnetic foils magnetization is shortly written.

KEY WORDS: moller polarimeter, modernization, nucleous neutron form factor, parity violating, electro-weak asymmetry, elastic scattering, polarized electrons.

INFLUENCE OF СRYOGENIC DEFORMATION AT UNIFORM COMPRESSION ON PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HAFNIUM IN TEMPERATURE RANGE OF 77...800 K

V.S. Okovit, M.B. Lazareva, P.A. Khaimovich, L.A. Chirkina, A.S. Bulatov, V.V. Kalinovsky, V.I. Sokolenko, K.V. Kovtyn, R.V. Azhazha, V.F. Dolzhenko

Full Text :   (350 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
The mechanical properties and structural parameters of hafnium GFE-1 in the initial state and after quasihydroextrusion with a counterpressure (QHEC) at 77 К on 25 % were researched. It has been found that after QHEC isotropic deformation structure is formed, the shear modulus decreased, strength characterisic and resistivity in temperature range 77…800 K are increased , the deformation work-hardening is repressed. Both for the initial state and after QHEC does hafnium have falling of plasticity at Т=600 K. Consider possible mechanisms of influence of conditions of deformation and redistribution of admixtures of introduction on the change of energy of defect of packing of hafnium.

KEY WORDS: hafnium, quasihydroextrusion, mechanical properties, structure, deformation mechanisms.

ESTIMATION OF AFTERHEAT OF VVER-1000 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL

S.A. Pismenetskiy, V.B. Pyshkin, V.G. Rudychev, Y.V. Rudychev

Full Text :   (240 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
A calculation has been described of afterheat of a spent nuclear fuel from VVER-1000 reactor on the base of the new nuclear data from JEF PC O.E.C.D./NEA DATA BANK and on the latest solution of the kinetic task of a fuel burning. Both the cumulative yields of fission products and real VVER-1000 reactor conditions were taking into cosideration. Comparison of results with the previous works shows their agreement within 25%. It was pointed out the grows of a-activity part during the time of keeping.

KEY WORDS: VVER-1000, spent nuclear fuel, new nuclear data including, spent fuel afterheat, particularities of long-time keeping.

RESONANCE-LIKE STRUCTURE, OBSERVED IN THE ³⁰Si(p,g)³¹P REACTION

A.S. Kachan, I.V. Kurguz, I.S. Kovtunenko, V.M. Mischenko, V.A. Panin

Full Text :   (250 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
Gamma-decay of the resonance-like structures observed in the ³⁰Si(p,g)³¹P reaction in the energy range Ep = 1,4-2,7 MeV of accelerated protons was studied. Excitation function, g-ray spectra and angle distributions were measured for resonances at E_p = 1482, 2350, 2505 keV, which composed this resonance-like structure. The M1-resonance is identified on the ground state and first excited state of ³¹P. The total strength and the center of gravity of the M1-resonance on the ground state is determined for given nucleus. The position and total strength of M1- resonance on the ground state is explained by taking into account pairing forces.

KEY WORDS: The ³⁰Si(p,g)³¹P reaction, M1 resonance, M1 transition, pairing-energy, giant resonance.

ALLOY METASTABLE QUASIEUTECTIC CRYSTALLIZATION

H.Yu. Bereza

Full Text :   (540 kB, Ukr.) 

Abstract
This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the metastable quasieutectic crystallization in the binary eutectic system Al-Ge. It was showed, that germanium solid solutions have been formed under higher cooling rates 102 ... 104 К/s. The morphologic types of two-phases metastable quasieutectic structure were investigated. The influence of cooling rates on the quasieutectic concentration was showed. The thermokinetic diagram of the under cooled solution transformation sn the eutectic systems was proposed by the author of this article. This diagram shows the and non-equilibrium phase transformations.

KEY WORDS: metastable phase, quasieutectic crystallization, solid solution, morphology, colony, thermokinetic diagram, non-equilibrium phase transformations.

HEAT CONDUCTIVITY OF COMPOSITION MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF HYDRIDE OF ALUMINIUM AND THERMAL EXPANDED GRAPHITE

V.A. Chishkala, D.L. Ryabchikov, Ye.V. Klochko, D.V. Kudin, N.M. Lototskiy

Full Text :   (1060 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
In the work experimental research of heat conductivity of composition materials on the basis of hydride of aluminium and thermal expanded graphite was carried out. It is shown, that composites with mass maintenance of graphite of to 30 the mass. % does possess acceptable heat conductivity properties, at saving of satisfactory mechanical descriptions and high hydrogen capacity (7 the mass.% H). Estimation of effective coefficient of heat conductivity of layer of powder of hydride of aluminium was carried out. This value is 0,35 W/(m×K).

KEY WORDS: effective coefficient of heat conductivity, hydride, composite, thermal expanded graphite, porosity.

FORMING OF ELECTRON CURRENT BUNCHES IN MAGNETRON GUN WITH SECONDARY EMISSION CATHODE

N.I. Ayzatskiy, A.N. Dovbnya, V.V. Zakutin, T.A. Kovalenko, N.G. Reshetnyak, V.P. Romas’ko, I.А. Chertishcev

Full Text :   (650 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
Three generation regims of electron current bunches in the magnetron gun were obtained. Magnetron guns are capable to generate electron current bunches during a long pulse £20 msec with the travel period ~ 2 msec bunch duration ~ 1 msec. To gain the quantity of bunches one can achieve by incresing the pulse voltage duration and by decreasing its peak non-uniformity. And to decrease the bunch duration can be achieved by decreasing the stray parameter value (inductance and capacity) of the pulse generator.

KEY WORDS: magnetron gun, secondary-emission cathode, electron current bunches, pulse voltage.

HIGH LUMINOSITY PHOTON BEAMS PRODUCTION ON ELECTRON ACCELERATORS

N.A. Dovbnya, G.D. Pugachov, I.I. Shapoval

Full Text :   (450 kB, Ukr.) 

Abstract
The possibility of a pulsed electron beam conversion with the energy of 25 - 40 MeV and the mean power of ~ 20 kW into a high luminosity photon beam is considered. Electron beam transverse dimension on the convertor is s ~ 3 mm. Cooling of rotating tantalum convertor is performed with thermal radiation. Power density of electron beam is 100 - 150 kW/cm². The GEANT package is used for calculation of photon and electron beam density on the target for isotopes production on the 25 and 40 MeV electron energy and with various tantalum convertors thickness. Electron beam density distribution on the convertor was taken as normal with s ~ 3 mm. Obtained angle distribution and energy photon spectrum with the energy above 9 MeV (¹⁰⁰Mo(g,n)⁹⁹Mo reaction threshold) is consistent with experimental results. Photon flux density emitted from all tantalum convertors with the 1 - 7 mm thickness is maximal for angles smaller than 10°. and sharply increase while the electrons beam energy growth. The calculation of thermal load and mechanical stress, which occurs due to power electron beam interaction with the tantalum convertor, is done. It is shown that such conversion scheme provides high luminosity photon beam production, and the convertor material is able to stand continuous thermal and mechanical load. Parameters of such photons beam will allow getting high specific activity of radiated materials and technological effectiveness of radiochemical processes, and, as a result, competitiveness of medical and other radioisotopes production on electron accelerators.

KEY WORDS: high luminosity photon beams, radioisotopes production, numerical simulation, convertor, thermal load.

DETERMINATION OF THE EXTRAORDINARY WAVE REFLECTION LAYER POSITION IN INHOMOGENEOUS PLASMA PLACED IN RADIALLY CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD

A.V. Prokopenko, A.I. Skibenko, I.B. Pinos

Full Text :   (390 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
In that work a simultaneous using of plasma probing by X - wave and O - wave is discuss as a diagnostic tool. However in the plasma devices the difficulties arise in determination the reflecting layer position and cut - off density in it due to spatial inhomogeneity of magnetic field. Taking into account, that magnetic field of the stellarator at a small  b does not differ from the vacuum magnetic field we discuss the possibility of the plasma density profile determination by the measured average density if there are reflection of X - waves for several frequencies.

KEY WORDS: stellarator, inhomogeneous magnetic field, ordinary wave, extraordinary wave, density profile, upper cut-off, lower cut-off, upper hybrid resonance.

EFFECTS OF H-MODE TRANSITION ON PLASMA FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN THE HELICAL DIVERTOR OF THE URAGAN-3M TORSATRON

Ye.L. Sorokovoy, V.V. Chechkin, L.I. Grigor’eva, E.L. Sorokovoy, A.A. Beletskii, A.S. Slavnyj, Yu.S. Lavrenovich, Ye.D. Volkov, P.Ya. Burchenko, S.A. Tsybenko, A.V. Lozin, A.Ye. Kulaga, D.V. Kurilo, Yu.K. Mironov, V.S. Romanov

Full Text :   (490 kB, Eng.) 

Abstract
In the l=3/m=9 Uragan-3M (U-3M) torsatron with an open helical divertor and RF produced and heated plasmas, effects of H-mode transition on (i) diverted plasma flow (DPF) magnitude in the spacings between the helical coils and (ii) fast ion escape into DPF are studied by using arrays of plane Langmuir probes and electrostatic ion energy analyzers. Data have been obtained on how the amount and energy of lost ions change with transition in several field periods. A strong toroidal nonuniformity in ion loss has been observed. The island structure of the real U-3M magnetic configuration and the locality of RF power injection into the plasma are considered as possible reasons for such nonuniformity.

KEY WORDS: torsatron, divertor, H-mode, fast ions, ion loss, island structure.

DYNAMICS OF ELECTRON IN THE FIELD OF A LINEAR POLARIZED STANDING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

I.V. Drebot, Y.N. Grigoryev, A.Y. Zelinsky

Full Text :   (250 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
In the paper the results of approximate integration of Lorentz force equation for a free electron in the field of a linear polarized standing electro-magnetic wave are presented. Standing wave is considered as a sum of two running in opposite directions linear polarized waves. Projections of equations on coordinate axes, which are normal to the propagation direction, can be integrated once. It allows us to reduce the task to solution of nonlinear equation of the second order for longitudinal coordinate of electron. The axis of longitudinal projection coincides with a wave line. For approximate integration of the second order equation the expansion of the solution on two small parameters are used. One parameter presents relatively small value of the wave amplitude. The second parameter represents relatively small values of normal components of electron velocity. Velocity and coordinate of electron as a function of time are presented in the paper. It is shown that under interaction of a relativistic electron with standing wave there is a motion, which has of beating character. The amplitude and period of the beating were calculated.

KEY WORDS: running wave, Compton scattering, linear polarized wave, electrons beam.

THE DOUBLE-STAGE PLASMA SOURCE WITH VACUUM ARC DISCHARGE FOR SEPARATOR

V.A. Seroshtanov, S.V. Shariy, V.B. Yuferov, O.S. Druy, V.V. Yegorenkov, E.V. Rybas

Full Text :   (200 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
The plasma source for carrying out of demonstration-imitating experiment on a separator is being developed. The plasma density for experiment consists 10¹⁰-10¹³ cm^-3 and ion current more then 1 А. The energy factors and enough productivity support problems are described. The construction and experimental research output of double-stage plasma source with vacuum arc discharge have been produced. The current-voltage characteristics of source, ion current and plasma discharge current were measured. The amenity of plasma source for demonstration- imitating separator experiments has been considered.

KEY WORDS: plasma separator, energy factors, productivity of separator, compressed vacuum arc discharge, ion current, magnetic plug.

SYSTEMS WITH SELF-EXCITATION OF RF OSCILATIONS FOR FORMATION, HEATING AND SEPARATION OF MULTICOMPONENT PLASMA

Yu.V. Kovtun, E.I. Skibenko, V.B. Yuferov

Full Text :   (370 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
In the most part of currently known magneto-plasma separation devices one applies RF and microwave techniques for plasma formation and heating with the use of RF and microwave oscillators, placed outside of the plasma-volume objects, and of inside antenna systems. As an alternative, the separation devices can be applied, in which the conditions of plasma formation and heating are provided by the physical mechanisms being developed in the plasma itself and leading to the effective self-excitation of rf oscillations responsible for the ion heating. In the paper the authors consider two opportunities of plasma separation using the discharges of two types - beam-plasma discharge and reflective discharge in which the self-excitation of rf oscillations can occur with frequencies and increments of an order of an ion-cyclotron frequency, and, consequently, the plasma formation and heating, including the selective ion heating with different masses.

KEY WORDS: plasma, discharge, separation, RF oscillations, heating, ions.

STATIONAR GAS PLASMA SOURCE OF HEAVY IONS WITH CLOSED ELECTRON DRIFT

S.V. Shariy, V.A. Seroshtanov, V.B. Yuferov, O.S. Druy, V.V. Yegorenkov, E.V. Rybas

Full Text :   (450 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
The construction and experimental research output of stationary gas plasma source of heavy ions with closed electron drift have been produced. The gas block in the source is made as hollow body of conical form. This allows to make a supplement area of ion formation carried out from borders of acceleration area. The workgas expense have been vary within 3 to 20 cm³/min, and vacuum camera pressure have been vary within 1×10^-4 - 8×10^-4 Тоrr. The current-voltage characteristics of source, ion current and plasma discharge current were measured. The measurement of ion currents on axial and radial collectors shown in preference the radial current 1 A, however the axial current make up 30 mA. The amenity of plasma source for demonstration-imitating separator experiments has been considered.

KEY WORDS: plasma separator, hall plasma source, electron's drift, ion current, highfrequency pulsing.

FORMATION OF SHADOW IN HADRON DIFFRACTION SCATTERING BY THE MECHANISM OF GLUON BREMSSTRAHLUNG AT FRAGMENTATION

N.V. Bondarenko

Full Text :   (190 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
The shadow for diffractive hadron-hadron collisions is modeled by the mechanism of gluon bremsstrahlung at fragmentation. No prototype of such mechanism exists at the level of individual quark scattering diagrams. Cross-section growth and diffractive peak shrinkage arise without aid of Regge trajectories.

KEY WORDS: fragmentation, gluon bremsstrahlung, diffraction, cross-section growth, unitarity, peak shrinkage.

INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURE ERRORS ON A MAGNETIC FIELD OF QUADRUPOLE LENSES

A.O. Mytsykov, O.D. Zvonaryova, O.V. Ryezayev, A.M. Gvozd’

Full Text :   (390 kB, Rus.) 

Abstract
The results of geometrical measurements and simulation of the first part of quadrupole lenses made for a X-ray source NESTOR, witch building is carried out in NSC KIPT with the support of grant NATO "Science for peace", are presented. The estimations of the errors which have arisen during manufacture are made. Their influence on characteristics of a magnetic field is investigated.

KEY WORDS: cyclical accelerators, quadrupole lense, quadrupole symmetry, magnetic field gradient, harmonic composition.