NUCLEAR POWER: STATUS, OUTLOOK, GUARANTEES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

A.S. Cherkasov

Full Text :  (195 kB, Eng.)

Abstract
The principal advantages of nuclear power - almost unlimited fuel resources, its high energy capacity, ecological compatibility with a possibility of high wastes` concentration - determine the large-scale nuclear power development. The signs of large-scale power - a large rate (dozens of percent) in electricity production, diverse areas (electricity, heat supply, technologies, transport) and media of application (land, ocean, space), extension of number of user countries, diversified power systems (centralized, autonomous), obligatory reproduction and reuse of produced fuel - create various requirements to nuclear power installations of the future. Economic efficiency and competitiveness, safety (of reactors and fuel cycle with waste), proper characteristics of nuclear fuel reproduction, guarantees of nuclear arm's non-proliferation and, particularly, public acceptance are the conditions of such nuclear power development. The up-to-date situation is the following: the 441 nuclear power-generation units with total installed power of 377.36 GW el. (in 31 countries) supply by 1/6 part of the world electric-power consumptions. The 32 units are in stage of the construction. To the present mid-century the level of the nuclear power production, as supposed, must be increased 4-5 times at the following scenario of a regional distribution of nuclear electric powers, GW: USA, Europe and developed countries of Eastern Asia - 1000, FSU-countries - 100 and developing countries - 400.

KEY WORDS: nuclear power, status, fire power, competition, outlook, principal advantages, innovative designs, safety, efficiency, public acceptance, global energy supply.

LOCAL U(1)-GAUGE INVARIANCE AND PHOTODISINTEGRATION OF LIGHT ATOMIC NUCLEI

Yu.A. Kasatkin, I.К. Kirichenko, О.D. Ptashniy

Full Text :  (380 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
In the article the theoretical approach is advanced, in which the problem of interaction of an electromagnetic field with strong-bound composite system is solved without engaging the Lagrange approach. The account of interaction of an gauge field with nonlocal fields of a substance is determined as a result of introduction in viewings U(1) - locally gauge-invariant 2- and 3-dot Green functions of free fields. Is shown, that as a result of decomposition of gauge-invariant 2-dot Green functions in a functional Laurent series on a vector to potential of an gauge field all gang of the Feynman diagrams of an electrodynamics is reproduced. The decomposition of a strongly coupling 3-dot Green function gives to gauge - made to a series of 4-dot Green functions irrespective of an explicit view of own vertex function of a strong coupling. This property allows to use as own vertex function, that to use as her solution of a relativistic equation to a Bethe- Salpeter or solutions of quasi-potential equations. The realization of the requirements of a covariance and gauge invariance at a level of complete amplitude allows sequentially to taking into account subnuclear dynamics with a precisely conserved structural electromagnetic current.

KEY WORDS: covariance, gauge invariance, vertex function, photodisintegration.

ON THE "BACKWARD" COMPTON SCATTERING OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE ON THE RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAM

N.F. Shul’ga, D.N. Tyutyunnik

Full Text :  (290 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The classical theory of "backward" Compton scattering of electromagnetic wave on relativistic electron beams is considered. The comparison of the results for the classical theory of this effect with the corresponding results of the quantum theory has been made. The conditions of the coincidence of the quantum and the classical formulae for the scattered waves spectrum are investigated. The possibility of the coherent effect for the "backward" scattering of electromagnetic wave on the narrow bunch of relativistic electrons is shown. The conditions of such a possibility are obtained.

KEY WORDS: Compton scattering, classical theory of relativistic electron radiation, coherent radiation.

ON THE STRUCTURE OF QUANTUM LINEAR SEMIGROUP

S.A. Duplij, A.S. Sadovnikov

Full Text :  (107 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
An analog of quantum plane with noninvertible parameter of quantization is considered. Its preliminary investigation is carried out, the corresponding bialgebra coacting universally is constructed. A general form of the determining relations for the obtained algebraic structure is given. Connection with R-matrix, universal element of the quantum double is found. The obtained solution is analyzed, and possible generalizations of standard notions of quantum groups is outlined.

KEY WORDS: quantum plane, universal coaction, inverse semigroup, regularity.

THE TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE NONEIGEN ALFVEN WAVES IN THE BOUNDED SHEAR FLOW

N.A. Azarenkov, V.V. Mikhailenko

Full Text :  (407 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The temporal evolution of noneigen Alfven waves, excited under the action of the harmonic perturbation, applied to the boundary of the semyinfinite homogeneous plasma shear flow is considered. It is shown that the noneigen harmonic perturbation changes in time its modal structure due to the interaction with Alfven nonmodal waves and shear flow and becomes a non-modal with amplitude, which decays with time.

KEY WORDS: plasma, shear flow, noneigen Alfven wave.

THEORY OF LINE WIDTH OF PARAMETRIC X-RAY RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS AND POSITRONS RADIATION IN A CRYSTAL

N.F. Shul’ga, M. Tabrizi

Full Text :  (295 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The formulas for "backward" parametric X-ray relativistic electrons radiation in a crystal have been derived taking into account the effect of particle trajectory deflection from linear one on radiation. The particle motion nature effect on line width of parametric X-ray radiation has been considered. It is shown that the plane channeling of relativistic positrons in the crystal can lead to line splitting of parametric X-ray radiation into several lines.

KEY WORDS: parametric X-ray radiation, relativistic electrons and positrons multiple scattering in a crystal.

QUANTUM YANG-BAXTER EQUATION, ARBITRARY GRADINGS AND EXCHANGE HECKE BRAIDINGS

 W. Marcinek

Full Text :  (90 kB, Eng.)

Abstract
Generalization of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation solutions to an arbitrary grading is studied. The noncommutative differential calculi corresponding to such solutions is considered. The connection with the ordinary and supersymmetric solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation is given.

KEY WORDS: Yang-Baxter operator, gradation, commutation factor, exchange operator, color R-matrix, deformation parameter, differential calculus.

ABOUT EXCITATION OF FIELD BY COHERENT MICROBEAMS FROM AREA OF OPACITY IN PLASMA IN A INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD

A.A. Vodyanitskii

Full Text :  (345 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
In paper researches of nonlocal transfer to area of a transparency of electromagnetic field from a source located in the area of opacity are executed. The microbeams of the charged particles modulated by a source of excitation of a field, under condition of phase coherence generate a nonlocal current which forms a not own field in the area of a transparency. Detailed asymptotical calculations are carried out and the substantiation of reception of the main term of asymptotic field, with frequency of an initial wave and the structure repeating structure of a nonlocal current is given.

KEY WORDS: the not own fields, the modulated microbeams, phase coherence, nonlocal transfer.

BRAID SEMISTATISTICS AND DOUBLY REGULAR R-MATRIX

S.A. Duplij, W. Marcinek 

Full Text :  (88 kB, Eng.)

Abstract
We introduce "noninvertible" generalization of statistics - semistatistics replacing condition when double exchanging gives identity to "regularity" condition. Then in categorical language we correspondingly generalize braidings and the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. We define the doubly regular R-matrix and introduce obstructed regular bialgebras.

KEY WORDS: monoidal category, Yang-Baxter equation, semistatistics, braiding, obstruction, regularity, bialgebra, Hopf algebra.

PHASE OSCILLATIONS IN A MASSIVE FOUR-FERMION MODEL

A.T. Kotvytskiy

Full Text :  (260 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
A massive four - fermion model has been considered in an external electromagnetic field. An effective potential in case of constant electric and magnetic fields has been calculated in the large - N expansion. Symmetry is always broken in the external constant magnetic field by the second kind of phase transition. The oscillations of the phase condition exist in the external constant electric field through the first and second kinds of phase transition.

KEY WORDS: four-fermion model, effective potential, dynamical symmetry breaking, oscillations of the phase condition, cut-off parametr.

ANALYSIS PARTIAL CROSS SECTIONS OF REACTION ⁶⁸Zn(p,g)⁶⁹Ga

 B.А. Nemashkalo , I.D. Fedorets, R.P. Slabospitsky, K.V. Shebeko, S.N. Utenkov

Full Text :  (321 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The paper presents experimental results of the reaction ⁶⁸Zn(p,g)⁶⁹Ga study. Investigation the mechanism of proton capture reaction on the ⁶⁸Zn were performed using the pair gamma-spectrometer based on the Ge(Li)-detector. The measurements of partial cross sections (PCS) were carried out on the Van de Graaf accelerator with the proton energies from 1.5 to 3 Mev. The PCS were obtained from the yields of the primary gamma-transition in ⁶⁹Ga nuclei. The widths of the observed peaks corresponded mainly with the proton energy losses in the target. The PCS were analyzed in frameworks of statistical model using the global averaged parameters with the account for the nuclei temperature and shell effects.

KEY WORDS: proton capture, partial cross sections, radiative strength function, statistical theory, excited states.

ABOUT GENERATION OF ELECTRON BEAMS IN MAGNETRON GUNS WITH SECONDARY-EMISSION CATHODE

A.N. Dovbnya, V.V. Zakutin, N.G. Reshetnyak, T.A. Kovalenko, T.A. Semenets

Full Text :  (363 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The investigations on definition of primary electron emission region in magnetron guns with the cold secondary-emission cathodes have been carried out. It is shown that primary electron origination mechanism is connected with autoemission from micropoints on the cathode surface. A physical picture of electron beam generation in a magnetron gun is offered.

KEY WORDS: magnetron gun, autoemission, secondary emission, electron beam.

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF NONSYMMETRIC RF CAPACITIVE DISCHARGE IN LOW PRESSURE HYDROGEN

V.A. Lisovskiy, S. Dine, J. Jolly, J. Guillon, J.-P. Booth

Full Text :  (366 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The paper reports the results of probe and optical investigations of the nonsymmetric RF capacitive discharge in low-pressure hydrogen. The dependences of plasma potential, electron temperature, plasma density, DC self-bias voltage between electrodes and electron energy distribution functions on applied RF voltage were obtained for different hydrogen pressures. The intensities of three Balmer lines and one of molecular line were measured too.

KEY WORDS: RF capacitive gas discharge, low pressure, probe, optical irradiation, hydrogen.

PRODUCTION OF ALN, Al₂O₃ COMPOSITIONS FROM VACUUM ARCH PLASMA FLOWS WITH USE OF HF VOLTAGE

V.M. Beresnev, V.T. Tolok, V.I. Gritsenko, Yu.V. Dem’janenko, A.G. Chunadra

Full Text :  (420 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The properties of covers AlN, Al₂O₃, obtained from aluminium plasma of a vacuum arc with application of a HF voltage submitted on a substrate are investigated. The method of Radio-photo electronic spectroscopy explores chemical structure of cover on a basis AlN. Is shown, that on a surface of covers there is an oxide Al₂O₃, between a surface stratum and AlN is present also AlN_xO_y. Depending on potential of a HF of bias submitted on a substrate, the phase structure of covers on a basis Al₂O₃ is essentially changed.

KEY WORDS: HF technology, vacuum arch, AlN and Al₂O₃ covers.

DEFINITION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS AND ALLOYS ON HARDNESS

P.I. Stoev, V.I. Moschenok

Full Text :  (340 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
Methods of definition of mechanical properties with helping of measuring of hardness are analyzed. Is shown, that the highest accuracy of definition of ultimate strength and yield stress is given by methods which has been proposed М.P. Markovets, in which at definition of a yield stress the stress and value of hardness received at identical residual deformation in a sample and indentation 0.2 % are compared and the definition of strength is based on exact measurement of the maximal hardness. The conclusion about an opportunity of use of these techniques for definition of the mechanical characteristics on hardness of constructional materials is made.

KEY WORDS: hardness, ball-type assay, mechanical properties, ultimate strength, yield stress.

MODIFICATION OF THE NANOCRYSTALLINE INCLUSIONS OF INTERMETALLIDES IN Zr-Fe⁵⁷ ALLOYS UNDER NIOBIUM DOPING

V.G. Kirichenko, P.L. Rudenko, A.I. Snurnikova, M.V. Tretyakov

Full Text :  (300 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
By using X-ray analysis and Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy the investigation of structure and subsurface layers of ternary alloys Zr-Fe-Nb is carried. The compositional and structural heterogeneity of subsurface layers is founded. On the base of experimental data the 3-dimensional diagrams which connect the compositional and structural heterogeneity of subsurface layers with temperature and time of thermal treatment of deformed alloys are designed. The migration of nanocrystalline particles of the ferrouscontaining intermetalic inclusions in subsurface layers of alloys under thermal ageing in temperature range 570-1070 K is conditioned by high modility of grain boundaries in zirconium matrix. The segregation of doped iron is connected with coagulation of particles and their migration on grain boundaries under thermal ageing.

KEY WORDS: zirconium alloys, surface, intermetallic inclusions, segregation.

REFINING OF NICKEL BY ELECTRON BEAM MELTING

V.M. Azhazha, Yu.P. Bobrov, V.D. Virich, P.N. V’yugov, A.E. Dmitrenko, O.E. Kozhevnikov, S.D. Lavrinenko, M.M. Pylypenko, V.N. Pelykh

Full Text :  (810 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The results of refining of nickel by method of electron-beam melting are given. The processes of gaseous removal from nickel during melting and from initial nickel and nickel after electron-beam melting during heating up to temperature 610°C were investigated. Main components of residual gases, which removal from nickel, are hydrogen, water streams, nitrogen and carbon monooxide. As result of refining are decreasing of contents of metallic and interstitial impurities in nickel. The samples with purity 99,994 wt.% were obtained by method of electron-beam melting. High pure single-crystals of nickel with relative residual resistance R_res = R(300K)/R(4,2 K) = 1000 were obtained, by method of electron-beam zone melting. The results of microstructure investigations and measuring of hardness are reviewed. The microstructure researches showed, that for nickel is typical step growth of single crystals.

KEY WORDS: nickel, electron beam melting, zone melting, refining, gaseous removal, structure.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR OPTIMISATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM OF BORIC SOLUTION CONCENTRATION OF REACTOR FACILITIES' COOLANT

D.V. Biley, V.G. Solovjov, Yu.A. Komarov, V.I. Skalozubov

Full Text :  (250 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
This paper represents the mathematical model, which one is a core of a designed technique of the monitoring cooling boric solution concentration system optimization of reactor installations (CBC RI). Risk inform decision making and probabilistic approaches of reliability simulation of CBC RI measurement system are basis of model. By basis of operation data base (flow diagrams of the equipment installation; statistics of failures and defects of the equipment of the boron concentration control sensors (NAS-B), valves installation; the change boron concentration data in points of the control) and designed mathematical model would be possible to evaluated / justified a capability of elimination of the control concentration system and to determine change of periodicity sample cutting for assurance irreducible of control system reliability. The technique application allows justify a capability of design quantity reduction of NAS-B sensors.

KEY WORDS: reliability, monitoring, concentration, measurement, coolant, boric solution, NAS-B, reactor.

DYNAMIC MODEL OF PROCESS OF HEAT EXCHANGE IN STOREHOUSE OF g-RADIATION SOURCE

V.I. Tkachenko, V.A. Tsymbal, A.F. Stoyanov

Full Text :  (230 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The mathematical model of heat exchange in storehouse of g-radiation source with allowance for distributions of heat in mediums with various physical performances is developed, the numerical realization of offered algorithm for estimation of temperature depending on time is fulfilled. It is possible to make a conclusion, based on executions, that with disconnected system of water cooling and cooling the destruction of walls of storehouse occurs not later than in day, and thermal energy is distributed, mainly, inside concrete. In the case, when cooling and system of water cooling work, the process of heating goes considerably slower, and a modification of physical performances of a medium on an interface of mediums is essential.

KEY WORDS: g-radiation, source, storage, modeling, thermal conduction, destruction, concrete.

PARTICLES OF GENERALIZED STATISTICS, QUANTUM LOGIC AND CATEGORIES (unfinished ideas)

 W. Marcinek

Full Text :  (140 kB, Eng.)

Abstract
A collection of previously unpublished ideas and thoughts by Wladyslaw Marcinek (1952-2003) in particle interactions, categorical approach to generalized statistics, qubits and quantum logic, entwined operators, cobordisms and noncommutative Fock space.

KEY WORDS: quantum statistics, composite state, qubit, quantum logic, Yang-Baxter equation, entwining structure, crossed product, graph, cobordism.

BEHAVIOR OF THE FLOATING POTENTIAL IN THE PLASMA FLOW IN THE SPATIALLY-INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETIC FIELD

V.V. Vlasov

Full Text :  (250 kB, Rus.)

Abstract
The paper reports the results of the experimental research of the floating potential change in the plasma flow distributing along the inhomogeneous magnetic fields with the different degree of the non-uniformity. The change of the floating potential is proportional to the magnetic field gradient is showed with the help of a mobile segmented collector. The observed change of the floating potential in the plasma flow is explained by the adiabatic invariancy of the magnetic moment.

KEY WORDS: plasma flow, floating potential, inhomogeneous magnetic field, magnetic moment, mobile segmented collector.